Showing posts with label Solid State. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Solid State. Show all posts

Thursday, August 8, 2024

Back to the Future: AR XA + NAD 3020



Whenever I find them at reasonable prices, I re-acquire audio components I owned and enjoyed in the 80s. I started my quest with the Grace G707 tonearm, a TDA1541-equipped Magnavox CDB 473 CD player and the dynakit stereo 35 PP EL84 power amp. I also tried to rekindle my affection for the BBC LS3/5A monitor and my MC SUT collection now includes a pair of Sony HA-T10s. Meanwhile, I've been hunting for an AR XA turntable and a first generation NAD 3020 to complete my journey back in time.

Tuesday, November 17, 2020

John Linsley-Hood Class A Headphone Amp

Having been a happy user of a John Linsley-Hood (JLH) 1969 Class A amp cloned by Nobsound, I was intrigued by the JLH Class A headphone amp boards featuring discrete circuitry (no ICs or op-amps) advertised on eBay. In the midst of the 2020 lockdown, I ordered this $25 pre-assembled board, which arrived in a padded pouch within 10 days. I also got a surplus 24 VCT @ 2A power transformer for another $15.

!!!WARNING!!! 
The voltages in this project are potentially lethal! Proceed at your own risk!


Typical of Chinese kits, this board didn't come with instructions or any type of documentation. But the board is marked for an experienced DIYer to decipher and set up in no time. Unlike the original JLH 1969 design, which needed DC blocking capacitors at the output due to the single rail supply, this headphone amp module was updated to work with a dual rail (+/-) supply so the output capacitors can be omitted.
 

Unfortunately, I couldn't get stable zero DC offset at the output terminals. Trimming for zero volts after 30-45 minutes of warm up was not a guarantee that in another 30 minutes it'll still be zero - I've measured as much as 0.3V.😞


Since I didn't want to risk frying my headphones and classic speakers, I installed 2500uf @ 16V electrolytic blocking capacitors at each channel’s output. Then, I bypassed the electrolytic caps with hermetically sealed 4uf paper caps just like I did to the Nobsound NS02g.  

Top trace = audio generator
Bottom trace = amp output

In spite of the DC blocking caps at the output, the square waves still show excellent bandwidth, transient response with no trace of ringing. 

Before clipping, I measured 250mW/channel @ 4 ohms, 500mW/channel @ 8 ohms and 950mW/channel @ 16 ohms, 1.2W/channel @ 32 ohms,  395mW/channel @ 150 ohms, 190mW/channel @ 330 ohms and 115mW/channel @ 560ohms. I pretty much exhausted the resistor values from my parts bin to emulate the nominal impedance of typical headphones. 

The 115mW output into a 560 ohm load shouldn't worry headphone enthusiasts since this amp drove my Austrian AKG K240/600 ohm Monitor cleanly beyond SPLs my ears could tolerate. It also had no issues driving less efficient ortho-dynamic headphones like the Fostex T50RP MKII below, courtesy of my friend Nate. Thanks, buddy!


This amp definitely outclassed the Rat Shack mini amps I'm fond of. Its class A design's purity and transparency puts it on another league. Unfortunately, Class A amp designs require a more substantial power supply, which is incompatible with portability. 

The character of this amp is exactly like that of its bigger brother, a fatigue-free solid state amp that almost (but not quite) succeeds in sounding like a good tube amp!


BTW, did I mention that it can also drive my Altec 755As in Silbatone cabinets?


Thursday, September 3, 2020

Cheap Thrills from Radio Shack + more

It's been three years since I blogged about Radio Shack's demise. I miss browsing at a Rat Shack store even more.😞 Through the years, a number of audio products from the Radio Shack Catalog  have caught the attention of budget-conscious Hi-Fi enthusiasts. 

I've already covered the 40-1354A 5.25" full-range driver and 40-1310 super tweeter in a previous entry. Below are capsule reviews of a few more Radio Shack audio goodies I've played with. Aside from the cool historical factor, IMHO, most can still equal or even outperform many entry-level audio gear today.


Realistic Pro 30 Headphones



The Realistic Pro 30 was introduced in 1981 for $39.95. Its price was reduced to $34.95 in 1983 and then to $29.95 in 1984. It made its final appearance in the 1986 Catalog. Instead of the usual dynamic drivers, these headphones were fitted with planar magnetic drivers, very unusual at this price point then and now.

It was one of the favorites in the orthodynamic round up thread started by wualta in headfi.org 15 years ago.



I got this pair very cheap because it needed new cables. In stock form, it sounds very smooth and refined. It can be tailored to 21st century tastes via judicious damping. The felt dot boosts high frequencies while the additional felt pad focuses the audio band a bit. New ear pads can improve the bass response since the flattened originals are no longer giving a good seal. Yup, speaker tweaks are applicable to headphones too!

Even if this is still a work in progress, I already prefer the sound of my modified Pro 30 to my Grado SR80. If you're patient, these turn up for around $30/shipped on eBay. 


32-1100A Stereo Mixer


 

I never got into DJ'ing/mixing but I couldn't resist this Stereo Mixer at a flea market for a couple of bills. It can be powered by 4 x AA batteries or a wall wart that can produce 6VDC at 35 mA. This mixer sports two magnetic phono preamps, 2 microphone inputs + 1 line level, tape out, a preamp output and a 1/4" headphone jack. No ICs or op-amps in the signal path as far as I can tell.

The headphone amp sounds very clean and has plenty of power for modern low Z headphones but may run out of steam driving higher Z or less efficient planars. I've even used this as a preamp in my near-field system with musically satisfying results!


41-2109 RIAA phono preamp



This outboard phono preamp was available in various permutations from the 70s to the early 90s. The circuit topology is very similar to the the above mixer but the sound is more dynamic and detailed due to the higher voltage rail powering the discrete circuit. 


41-2109 schematic

Some audiophiles claim that it can hold its own against tube phono preamps. It's good, but not THAT good. When pitted against my stock but refreshed Dyna PAS 3, it offered less resolution and was tonally more opaque. It was totally outclassed by my octal and loctal preamps. That said, I don't think you can find an RIAA phono preamp that can beat this bone stock unit for under $100.

 

Optimus LX4



Available only between 1995 and 1996, the LX4 achieved audiophile credibility because of Dick Olsher's review. It used the Linaeum monopole tweeter which provided a lot of air in the high frequencies without the sizzle of run of the mill domes. Unlike the paper coned Minimus 8 below, the LX4's Kevlar coned 4.5" woofer’s medium efficiency isn't as good in tracking micro dynamics. I voiced my original Simple 45/2A3 amp using a pair of Altec 755Cs in open baffles cross referenced to a pair of LX4s in the mid 90s.

Even if this was, and still is, a smooth and coherent sounding speaker at its price point, I wouldn't go as far as choosing this over the BBC LS3/5A. 


JE Labs Test Bench



A test bench isn't complete unless it has the facility to 'sound test' a freshly minted audio project or a newly repaired audio component.


Minimus 8



While I was a high school junior, I owned a pair of Minimus 8s driven by a Realistic SA-10. This speaker evolved from the Solo 103, which used various incarnations of the classic Fostex/Foster 103 4" paper coned full-range driver.

I got this ca. 1982 pair at Goodwill. Considering their diminutive size, these speakers are quite efficient at 89dB/1W/1M. To offset the upper midrange/lower treble tilt, these sound their best mounted flush against the wall. It's an easy load even for a 250mW per channel amp and provides nice background music while soldering.😉


The Realistic Stack


Top Right: Realistic TM-150, center right: Realistic SA-150,
center left: Realistic SA-10 (31-1982A)

Introduced in 1985, the TM-150 and SA-150 tuner/amp combo was riding on the mini-sized components trend of that era. The AM/FM TM-150 tuner has good sensitivity and can pull stations even in my basement shop via a simple omni antenna. 

 The SA-150 amplifier can trace its roots to the Germanium-equipped SA-175 amplifier from the late 60s, followed by the SA-101 from the mid-late 70s, which was succeeded by the SA-102 in 1980. Towards the end of the SA-102's production run, the accounting department tried their hand at circuit design and grafted an LA4440 IC chip amp on the same chassis.😡 This topology was carried over to the SA-150. Surprisingly, it doesn't sound bright or grating. On the contrary, it sounds dark and grainy.😞 It's ok for background music and has a value for the money MM phono stage.


Schematic of the SA-150 RIAA phono preamp
which can be accessed via the tape out
Note the similarity to the 42-2109 phono preamp 

The SA-150 was cosmetically altered in later years and was still available as the RCA SA-155 in the 2002 catalog.


Realistic SA10

Since I owned a Realistic SA-10 amplifier in my youth, I got inspired to search for another sample when I noticed the similarity of its circuit topology to the John Linsley-Hood 1969 Class A amplifier .

JLH 1969 Class A amplifier

Realistic SA-10 (31-1982A) amplifier section

However, the resemblance is only superficial since the JLH 1969 operates in pure Class A and the output stage is quasi single-ended while the Realistic SA-10 is a four transistor push-pull amplifier operating in Class AB1.


!!!WARNING!!! 

The voltages found in these circuits can be lethal! Proceed at your own risk!


Left: later version with IC chip amp
Right: earlier version with discrete solid state circuit

During its long life, the SA-10 was also subjected to cost cutting measures. The later 31-1982B sported IC chip amps in the output section.



Radio Shack could justify their use of IC chip amps on paper since I measured 700mW per channel from both versions. But the similarity ends in the test bench. Even if a different IC chip amp was used, the later 31-1982B also sounds dark and veiled just like the SA-150, whereas the all transistor SA-10 (31-1982A) has a more vivid midrange that reminds me of tubes.😊 


Loudness compensation bypassed + cap upgrades
31-1982A schematic

To be honest, I don't think the cap upgrades made a significant improvement in sound. I changed the output capacitors to protect my speakers and headphones in case of DC output in the speaker terminals due to leaky caps. However, I highly recommend bypassing the loudness compensation circuitry to remove the "Bose Wave Radio" crud.😆



With my DIY headphone adapter attached, the SA-10 (31-1982A) also does a good job as a headphone amp. The separate left and right level controls don't bother me and if I need more inputs I can press my 42-2112 audio source control selector into service.
 
42-2112 audio source selector

This source selector will extend one stereo input to three.


33-1009


If your amplifier doesn't have a headphone jack and puts out 2 watts per channel or more, you need this headphone coupler. This device has attenuating resistors inside to protect your headphone drivers (and your ears 😆) from getting fried.


Realistic SA101


The SA-101 was the unit that got away in '79 because it equalled the cost of my SA-10 + a pair of Minimus 8s. This amplifier hails from the generation of discrete solid state circuits. It has an RIAA phono preamp + two line level inputs, a balance control and 1/4" headphone socket. It's the ideal amp for a retro vinyl LP + headphone set up!😎



The amplifier circuit is virtually identical to the SA-10 (31-1982A) except for the increased voltage and beefed up power supply. Thus, my Fluke 87 measured 4V rms to an 8 ohm load or 2000 mW per channel. This may not sound like much but it drove most of the speakers in my collection to musically satisfying levels. Just like the SA-10 (31-1982A), it has some warmth and depth in the midrange reminiscent of tubes.😊


Why would I listen to the SA-101 and the early version of the SA-10 rather than their later IC chip amp brethren or the Class D chip amp I got from Parts Express a couple of years ago? 


First of all, I'm not a bass head and I don't listen at ear splitting SPLs. I also put more emphasis on sonic refinement which is easier found in flea powered amps (tube and solid state) designed by engineers who honed their skills (and ears) during the vacuum tube era, exemplified by Mr. John Linsley-Hood

Postscript


Ms. JE Labs' Office/Sewing Room Set Up


Tish’s office system consists of a Lafayette LA25A stereo integrated amp, fed by a Magnavox CD2000 CD player  + a Kenwood KT880D tuner. The components are flanked by a pair of Akai SW132 Jet Stream speakers.


The LA25A amp was OEM'd in Japan for Lafayette in the early 70s. This unit is very similar to the Lafayette LA25 sans magnetic RIAA phono input.



The Akai Jet Stream is a compact transmission-line (TL) cabinet manufactured in the Philippines in the early 70s. It supposedly contains a Fostex/Foster 103 driver variant. Unfortunately, I can't confirm this without disassembling the woodwork. 

This is a pretty good sounding speaker. The upper midrange forwardness inherent in the Fostex/Foster 103 driver is neutralized by the TL loading even if there's still not much activity below 90 Hz.




The speakers belonged to Tish's dad. He was a Filipino cardiologist and these Akai SW132s were the rear speakers of a quadraphonic system gifted to him by a patient. He also left behind a pair of Jensen Triettes and a Rek O Kut R34 belt drive turntable, which were part of his stereo rig while doing his fellowship in Cook County, Illinois in the early 60s

According to Tish, he was also into photography and developed his own negatives. Unfortunately, I never got to meet him. We would've enjoyed talking shop over ice cold beer since we shared a lot of common interests! 




Tuesday, March 5, 2019

John Linsley-Hood 1969 Class A Amplifier aka Nobsound NS-02g

Original JLH1969 Class A amp schematic

The John Linsley-Hood 1969 Class A amplifier circuit is a classic solid state design that is carefully studied by audio designers. Even the great Nelson Pass revisited this circuit when he embarked on low wattage amplifier designs.

It has been described as one of the most tube sounding solid state amplifier designs, which is not surprising since John Linsley-Hood's references were tube amplifiers. Here's a link to the 1969 article published by Wireless World.


Since I am a DIYer at heart, I originally considered buying a pair of these circuit boards on eBay. But when I spotted a built unit for $170/shipped, I calculated that by the time I factored in the cost of a power transformer and a massive heat sinked chassis, it didn't seem wise or cost effective to go the DIY route.


The JLH 1969 Class A clone I got is branded Nobsound NS-02g but I've seen the same chassis and guts in silver or gold sporting a Krell logo!


It is very compact- a hair over 13" wide x 8.25" deep and 3" high- but it weighs 12 lbs. due to the heavy gauge chassis, massive heatsinks and power transformer. Parts quality is surprising for a $200 amplifier requiring discrete components. Input impedance is set by an Alps Blue Velvet 10k Ohm logarithmic potentiometer. There are no IC chips in this amp, just a couple pairs of transistors, a handful of resistors and capacitors + a lot of copper wire wound in the toroidal transformer. This is a true Class A design from the late 60s built at the end of the second decade of the 21st century.


When I first fired up the amplifier, I heard a buzz when the input level control was at maximum. I traced this to the IEC socket which was not grounded. Strapping the center pin (green cloth insulated wire) to ground took care of the buzz.


!!!WARNING!!! 
The voltages in this circuit are potentially lethal! Proceed at your own risk!


Set Up and Adjustments

NOTE: Red probe to test point, black probe to chassis ground

Idle Current


Out of the box, the amp sounded pleasant but I was not hearing anything magical. I was suspicious of the meager 0.5 amp AC current draw at 120V I monitored on my GenRad Variac. So removed the top cover to study the circuit and determine the purpose of the two potentiometers on each channel's PC board. 

The pot towards the middle of the PC board is for idle current adjustment. Since I didn't have a manual and couldn't find one on-line, I took the cue from this video by a JLH 1969 Class A kit amp builder.👍 His circuit board looked similar enough, thus, the proper voltage must be closer to about 20V(?). I measured 26.5V and 26.2V on my unit. So I turned the pot clockwise until I got about 24 volts DC on both channels. The AC current draw was now over 1 amp and I started feeling heat emanating from the chassis. 

AC Balance



The next step was to adjust AC balance. I loaded each channel's output with an 8 ohm, 20W wire wound resistor and then injected a 1 kHz sine wave at the input jacks. I adjusted the AC balance pots on both channels while observing the clipping behavior closely for best symmetry - both phases of the trace should "square off" simultaneously.


Tweaking the idle current

137℉ @ the heatsink

I checked the idle current once more and listened. 26V yielded almost 10 watts per channel on the bench but I felt the sound can be sweeter. At 21.5V the amp sounded excellent. But the chassis was running physically too hot. Just to be conservative, I backed off a bit and actually found the sweet spot between 22V - 24V. I also made sure there's always ample ventilation around the amp.  

On the Test Bench

Top trace = signal generator
Bottom trace = amp output

100Hz

1kHz

10kHz

Not perfect, but nice and clean square waves from a half a century old solid-state design


Input sensitivity = .25 Vrms > ~ 6.8 watts per channel rms into an 8 ohm load with both channels driven

Tweaks



A slight glare in the upper midrange was ameliorated when I by-passed the 2.2uf input capacitors with 0.47uf Vitamin Q "Hyrel" PIOs and the 2500uf output capacitors with 10uf KBGs. Before reassembly, I also replaced the red LED pilot lights with blue LEDs. Much easier on the eyes especially in a dimly lit room.


 The Nobsound clone amp spent most of its time in the system above, driving a pair of Altec 755Cs in 618 cabinets and also a pair of moderately efficient Radio Shack LX4s. I also listened to it in the main system driving the Altec 2-way. In both cases it never failed to sound sweet, fatigue-free, with a tube-like quality and depth in the midrange, maybe not the tightest bass but definition was good + airy highs.


The only time it betrayed its solid-state identity was when I spun an LP of Shostakovich Symphony No. 11 in the main system. It went into nasty clipping during orchestral peaks like a typical solid-state amp. Maybe it was asking too much from a Class A amp with a measly 7 watts rms per side to cope with the 16 ohm load presented by the Altec 2-way? However, with the same piece and on the same speaker system, my 4 watt per channel Stereo SE2A3dx with Tango NY15s went into overload with grace and composure at a similar SPL.


It is a testament to John Linsley-Hood's engineering and hearing abilities that his 50-year-old circuit is still a very capable music maker. Even if it can't replace any of the tube amplifiers in my collection, this is a much more listenable amplifier than the handful of contemporary Class D switching amps I've heard thus far.